UPSC civil service

Emergence and Background With the advent of geographical discoveries and direct sea routes opened new avenues of trade and commerce.  It formed the basis of Industrial revolution. Economic progress through trade and commerce with increasing production of goods aided by technology and scientific inventions enhancing productions The another factors were emergence of Capitalist ideology(maximisation of profit) and easy modes of transportation. Factory production as a new mode of production to meet demand and supply gap Colonial quests led to discoveries of new cheap sources of raw materials and finding new markets for finished goods produced in Europe. Faster means of communication, commodification of labour, development of new source energy like coal, durable materials like steel were the other supporting factors for the rise of Industrial revolution ' PROFUNDITY OF CHANGE' Development of Science and Technology Flourished Trade and Comm...

Revolution is the sudden change! Evolution is the gradual change! Europe has witnessed dawn of Renaissance in art and science.  This phase followed by Modernisation and Industrialisation.  This period also marked important political events like French Revolution (1789) and American Revolution(1776). Renaissance and Sociology 1.Greater travel, rising wealth and greater knowledge of outer world led to new philosophy know as Renaissance. 2.Renaissance means Rebirth.  Literally means intellectual awakening.  It refers to war of thoughts between spirituality and rationality. 3.Triggering innovation and discoveries 4.Rise of new political order 5.Religious transformation through reformation Renaissance in west characterised by science questioning religion.  In case of India,  Religion was perfected through religious reform movements.  Superstition associated with religion was questioned in India.  In Western World, common c...

SOCIOLOGY speaks about all institutions.  The scope of sociology throw light on any issues. "Necessity is the mother of invention" Necessity to emerge sociology is caused by social condition in Europe. Social conditions changes due to modernity.  To study the nature and predict the social change, SOCIOLOGY is needed.  Without Social change, the emergence of sociology is doubtful SOCIAL CONDITION + MODERNITY = SOCIOLOGY MODERNITY AND SOCIAL CONDITION IN EUROPE GREEK PHILOSPHERS  Born out of                     1.INTELLECTUAL INPUTS                    2.WORLD REVOLUTION                    3.REACTIONS TO MODERNITY SOCIOLOGY is the scientific study of society. Greek philosophers spokes about new society They wrote about nature, importance, desirability of new society A...